Hawkins Test

Skills: Shoulder
Quiz: Shoulder

Hawkins sign (modified impingement sign)

The patient's arm is flexed to about 90 degrees° with simultaneous flexion at the elbow. From an externally rotated position, the arm is internally rotated, and the test will be positive with pain in the subacromial region.

Michener LA et al. Reliability and diagnostic accuracy of 5 physical examination tests and combination of tests for subacromial impingement. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(11):1898-1903

Positive test with subacromial pain

Test characteristics: Sens 63, Spec 62 LR+1.63, LR-0.61

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